Computer Basics Training Session

The Computer Basics training session is a beginner-friendly course designed to help you understand the essentials of using a computer. The session typically lasts between two to four hours, depending on the depth of learning. By the end of this course, you will:

• Gain fundamental knowledge about computers and their functions
• Learn key terms related to computer hardware (physical components) and software (programs and applications)
• Understand how to input information into a computer and retrieve useful output
• Learn the basics of file management, including organizing, saving, and accessing files efficiently

Why Is It Important to Know How to Use a Computer?

Computers are everywhere—in homes, workplaces, schools, and even everyday devices like cars and smartphones. Here’s why computer skills are crucial:

• Communication: Stay connected with friends and family via email, social media, and video calls
• Efficiency: Perform tasks faster, such as online banking, shopping, and research
• Career Growth: Many jobs require basic computer skills; improving them can open new opportunities
• Access to Information: Find health tips, news, and educational resources with ease

What Is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that requires power (electricity or batteries) to function. It performs four main tasks:

1. Input – Receives data (e.g., typing on a keyboard, clicking a mouse)
2. Process – Manipulates the data (e.g., calculating, editing a document)
3. Output – Displays or produces results (e.g., showing text on a screen, printing a document)
4. Storage – Saves information for later use (e.g., files on a hard drive or USB)

This cycle is called the Information Processing Cycle, similar to how the human brain works.

Why Should You Use a Computer?

Computers offer several advantages over manual work:

• Speed – Perform tasks in seconds (e.g., calculations, searching the web)
• Accuracy – Minimizes human errors (if input is correct)
• Reliability – Works consistently without fatigue
• Memory – Stores vast amounts of data securely

Five Basic Parts of a Computer

1. Input Devices – These are hardware components used to provide data and control signals to a computer. Common examples include the keyboard for typing, mouse for navigating, microphone for voice input, and scanner for digitizing physical documents. Input devices allow users to communicate with the computer system, initiating commands and feeding data into software applications.
2. Output Devices – These are hardware components that convey information from the computer to the user in a readable or perceivable format. For example, a monitor displays visuals and text, a printer produces physical copies of digital files, and speakers output sound. Output devices are essential for receiving feedback from the system, enabling users to see, hear, or print the processed data generated by software applications.
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The ‘brain’ that processes instructions
4. Memory:
   • RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporary storage (erased when powered off)
     
   • ROM (Read-Only Memory) – Permanent startup instructions
5. Storage – Long-term data retention (e.g., hard drive, USB, cloud storage)

• Internal Hard Disk – This is the main storage unit built inside the computer. It stores the operating system, software, and personal files. Internal hard disks provide large storage capacity and fast access speeds, making them essential for daily computing. Data remains saved even when the computer is turned off.
  
• External Hard Disk – An external hard disk connects to the computer via USB or other ports and serves as portable storage. It is ideal for backing up important data, transferring large files, and expanding storage space. External drives are convenient and often used to keep copies of critical information separate from the main system.
  
• Pen Drive (USB Flash Drive) – A pen drive is a small, portable device used to store and transfer files between computers. It plugs into a USB port and is ideal for carrying documents, images, videos, and presentations. Pen drives are lightweight, easy to use, and do not require external power.
  

Computer Programs (Software)

Software consists of instructions that tell the computer what to do. There are two main types:

1. Operating System (OS) – Manages hardware and software (e.g., Windows, macOS, Android)
2. Application Software – Performs specific tasks:
   • Productivity: Word (documents), Excel (spreadsheets)
   • Communication: Email, web browsers (Chrome, Firefox)
   • Education & Entertainment: Learning apps, games, media players

Input Devices: Mouse & Keyboard

Mouse Functions:

• Click / Double-Click – Open files and programs
• Right-Click – Access options menu
• Drag & Drop – Move files easily

Keyboard Layout (QWERTY):

• Character Keys – Letters, numbers, symbols
• Backspace / Delete – Erase text
• Navigation Keys – Arrow keys, Home, End
• Modifier Keys – Shift, Ctrl (for shortcuts)
• Function Keys (F1-F12) – Special commands