Comparison of Adjectives in English Grammar

Comparison of Adjectives (विशेषणों की तुलना)

What are Adjectives? (Adjective क्या होते हैं?)

Adjectives are words used to describe or modify nouns or pronouns. For example: tall, beautiful, angry. These words tell us more about a person, place, animal, or thing.
विशेषण वे शब्द होते हैं जो किसी संज्ञा (noun) या सर्वनाम (pronoun) की विशेषता बताते हैं। जैसे: लंबा, सुंदर, गुस्सैल।

What is Comparison of Adjectives? (विशेषणों की तुलना क्या है?)

Sometimes, we use adjectives to compare one thing with another. This is called the comparison of adjectives. It helps us describe the degree or level of a quality among people, places, or things. For example:

• Ravi is tall.
• Mohit is taller than Ravi.
• Ajay is the tallest in the class.

Here, tall, taller, and tallest show the level of comparison.
जब हम दो या अधिक चीजों, व्यक्तियों या स्थानों के बीच किसी गुण की तुलना करते हैं, तो उसे विशेषणों की तुलना कहते हैं।

Degrees of Comparison (तुलना के प्रकार)

There are three degrees of comparison:

1. Positive Degree (साधारण रूप): Shows no comparison. It just describes a quality.
   Example: She is kind.
2. Comparative Degree (तुलनात्मक रूप): Compares two things or people.
   Example: She is kinder than her sister.
3. Superlative Degree (सर्वाधिक रूप): Shows the highest degree among more than two.
   Example: She is the kindest of all.

Rules for Forming Comparisons (तुलना बनाने के नियम)

• Most adjectives add -er and -est to form comparative and superlative forms.
  Example: tall → taller → tallest
• If the adjective ends in e, just add -r and -st.
  Example: nice → nicer → nicest
• For adjectives ending in a consonant + vowel + consonant, double the last letter.
  Example: big → bigger → biggest
• Adjectives with two or more syllables use more and most.
  Example: beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
• Irregular adjectives change completely.
  Example: good → better → best | bad → worse → worst

Tips to Remember (ध्यान रखने की बातें)

• Never use double comparatives or superlatives:
  Wrong: more better, most tallest
  Right: better, tallest
• Use than with comparative degree.
  Example: She is smarter than her brother.
• Use the before superlative degree.
  Example: He is the fastest runner.

Fill in the Blanks Exercise (रिक्त स्थान भरिए)

1. Riya is ______ than her sister. (tall)
2. Mount Everest is the ______ mountain in the world. (high)
3. This story is ______ than the last one. (interesting)
4. He is the ______ player in the team. (good)
5. Today is ______ than yesterday. (hot)

Answers with Explanation:

1. taller – Comparative degree between two people.
2. highest – Superlative degree used with “the”.
3. more interesting – Two-syllable adjective needs “more”.
4. best – Irregular adjective: good → better → best.
5. hotter – Double the last consonant (t).

Common Errors and Correction (आम गलतियाँ और सुधार)

Students often make mistakes with comparison. Here are a few examples:

• Wrong: He is more taller than his brother.
  Correct: He is taller than his brother.
• Wrong: She is the most fastest girl.
  Correct: She is the fastest girl.
• Wrong: This dress is gooder.
  Correct: This dress is better.

Find the Error Exercise (त्रुटि ढूंढें और सुधारें)

1. This car is more faster than that one.
2. She is beautifuler than her sister.
3. He is the most smart boy in class.
4. Today is hoter than yesterday.
5. This is the goodest painting I’ve seen.

Answers with Explanation:

1. faster – Remove “more”, already a comparative.
2. more beautiful – Use “more” with two-syllable adjectives.
3. smartest – Use “the smartest” not “most smart”.
4. hotter – Double the consonant “t”.
5. best – Irregular adjective: good → better → best.

Passage Practice 1

Ravi is a good athlete. He runs faster than his friends. Among all students, he is the fastest. He also jumps higher and works harder than others. His teachers say he is the best sportsman in school.

Questions:

1. Who runs the fastest?
2. What degree of adjective is used in “faster”?
3. Give the positive form of “best”.

Answers:

1. Ravi runs the fastest.
2. “Faster” is in the comparative degree.
3. Positive form of “best” is “good”.

Passage Practice 2

Among the three animals, the elephant is the heaviest. The lion is stronger than the tiger. But the tiger is more agile. All these animals are dangerous, but the lion is the most feared.

Questions:

1. Which animal is the heaviest?
2. Which animal is stronger than the tiger?
3. What is the superlative form used in the passage?

Answers:

1. Elephant is the heaviest.
2. The lion is stronger than the tiger.
3. “Most feared” is the superlative form.