Chapter 3 : Multiplication (Introduction)

Multiplication: Introduction (Repeated Addition)

What is Multiplication?

Multiplication is a way of adding the same number over and over again.

Example: If you have 3 groups of 4 apples, you can add them as 4 + 4 + 4 = 12, or multiply as 3 × 4 = 12.

4 apples 4 apples 4 apples 3 groups of 4 apples = 3 × 4 = 12 apples

Repeated Addition: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

Multiplication: 3 × 4 = 12

Solved Examples

1. 2 × 5

2 groups of 5 = 5 + 5 = 10

Solution: 2 × 5 means 2 groups of 5. So, 5 + 5 = 10. Answer: 10

2. 4 × 3

3 3 3 3 4 groups of 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12

Solution: 4 × 3 means 4 groups of 3. So, 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12. Answer: 12

3. 3 × 6

6 6 6 3 groups of 6 = 6 + 6 + 6 = 18

Solution: 3 × 6 means 3 groups of 6. So, 6 + 6 + 6 = 18. Answer: 18

4. 5 × 2

2 2 2 2 2 5 groups of 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10

Solution: 5 × 2 means 5 groups of 2. So, 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10. Answer: 10

5. 6 × 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 6 groups of 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 6

Solution: 6 × 1 means 6 groups of 1. So, 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 6. Answer: 6

6. 1 × 7

1 group of 7 = 7

Solution: 1 × 7 means 1 group of 7. So, 7. Answer: 7

7. 7 × 0

No groups of 0 = 0

Solution: 7 × 0 means 7 groups of 0. So, 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0. Answer: 0

8. 0 × 4

0 groups of 4 = 0

Solution: 0 × 4 means 0 groups of 4. So, 0. Answer: 0

9. 2 × 8

8 8 2 groups of 8 = 8 + 8 = 16

Solution: 2 × 8 means 2 groups of 8. So, 8 + 8 = 16. Answer: 16

10. 3 × 7

7 7 7 3 groups of 7 = 7 + 7 + 7 = 21

Solution: 3 × 7 means 3 groups of 7. So, 7 + 7 + 7 = 21. Answer: 21

11. 4 × 5

5 5 5 5 4 groups of 5 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20

Solution: 4 × 5 means 4 groups of 5. So, 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20. Answer: 20

12. 5 × 4

4 4 4 4 4 5 groups of 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20

Solution: 5 × 4 means 5 groups of 4. So, 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20. Answer: 20

Practice Exercise

  1. 2 × 3 = ?
  2. 3 × 4 = ?
  3. 4 × 2 = ?
  4. 5 × 3 = ?
  5. 6 × 2 = ?
  6. 7 × 1 = ?
  7. 1 × 9 = ?
  8. 0 × 5 = ?
  9. 3 × 6 = ?
  10. 4 × 7 = ?
  11. 5 × 5 = ?
  12. 2 × 9 = ?

Solutions to Practice Exercise

  1. 2 × 3 = 6
  2. 3 × 4 = 12
  3. 4 × 2 = 8
  4. 5 × 3 = 15
  5. 6 × 2 = 12
  6. 7 × 1 = 7
  7. 1 × 9 = 9
  8. 0 × 5 = 0
  9. 3 × 6 = 18
  10. 4 × 7 = 28
  11. 5 × 5 = 25
  12. 2 × 9 = 18

Multiplication for Kids (Introduction) — with Pictures

Suitable for: Ages 7–8 (Grade 2–3). Also simple for Ages 4–6. No sound required. Clear text and pictures for hearing-impaired learners.

You will learn: (1) What multiplication means, (2) How to see groups, (3) How to read tables up to 10×10, and (4) How to solve small word problems.

Topic A — What is Multiplication?

Idea Multiplication is repeated addition of equal groups.

Equal Groups

3 groups of 2:

Add: 2 + 2 + 2 = 6 → Multiply: 3 × 2 = 6

Rows & Columns (Arrays)

2 rows × 4 columns = 8

Read 3 × 2 as: 3 groups of 2. First number = groups. Second number = how many in each group.

Solved Questions (12)

1. There are 4 bags. Each bag has 2 apples. How many apples?
Groups: 4 × 2 = 8 apples.
2. 3 rows with 3 stars in each row. How many stars?
3 × 3 = 9 stars.
3. 2 plates. Each plate has 5 grapes. How many grapes?
2 × 5 = 10 grapes.
4. 5 hands show 1 thumb each. How many thumbs?
× 5
5 × 1 = 5 thumbs.
5. 4 bicycles. Each has 2 wheels. Wheels total?
4 × 2 = 8 wheels.
6. 6 boxes with 3 balls each. Balls total?
6 × 3 = 18 balls.
7. There are 2 rows of chairs with 4 chairs in each row. How many chairs?
2 × 4 = 8 chairs.
8. A spider has 8 legs. How many legs do 2 spiders have?
2 × 8 = 16 legs.
9. 3 children each get 2 stickers. Stickers total?
3 × 2 = 6 stickers.
10. 5 packs with 4 crayons in each. Crayons total?
5 × 4 = 20 crayons.
11. 10 ducks with 2 feet each. Feet total?
10 × 2 = 20 feet.
12. 3 tripods with 3 legs each. Legs total?
3 × 3 = 9 legs.

Practice Exercise (12)

  1. 4 groups of 3 apples = ?
  2. 2 rows with 6 dots in each row = ?
  3. 5 baskets with 2 mangoes each = ?
  4. 3 children with 4 balloons each = ?
  5. 6 cars with 4 wheels each = ?
  6. 2 cats with 4 legs each = ?
  7. 8 flowers, 2 in each vase → number of vases?
  8. 10 pencils shared into bundles of 5 → number of bundles?
  9. 3 rows of 5 stars = ?
  10. 4 × 1 = ? (One in each group)
  11. 7 bags with 2 marbles each = ?
  12. 2 × 9 = ?
Show Practice Answers (Topic A)
  1. 12 (4 × 3)
  2. 12 (2 × 6)
  3. 10 (5 × 2)
  4. 12 (3 × 4)
  5. 24 (6 × 4)
  6. 8 (2 × 4)
  7. 4 vases (8 ÷ 2 = 4 → reverse of 4 × 2)
  8. 2 bundles (10 ÷ 5 = 2 → reverse of 2 × 5)
  9. 15 (3 × 5)
  10. 4
  11. 14 (7 × 2)
  12. 18 (2 × 9)

Topic B — Multiplication Tables (1 to 10)

Tip Use skip counting and equal groups. Learn patterns: anything × 1 stays the same; ×0 is 0; ×2 is doubling; ×5 ends with 0 or 5; ×10 adds a zero.

Topic B — Multiplication Tables (1 to 10)

Tip Use skip counting and equal groups. Learn patterns: anything × 1 stays the same; ×0 is 0; ×2 is doubling; ×5 ends with 0 or 5; ×10 adds a zero.

Tables 1–5
×1×2×3×4×5
1×1=11×2=21×3=31×4=41×5=5
2×1=22×2=42×3=62×4=82×5=10
3×1=33×2=63×3=93×4=123×5=15
4×1=44×2=84×3=124×4=164×5=20
5×1=55×2=105×3=155×4=205×5=25
6×1=66×2=126×3=186×4=246×5=30
7×1=77×2=147×3=217×4=287×5=35
8×1=88×2=168×3=248×4=328×5=40
9×1=99×2=189×3=279×4=369×5=45
10×1=1010×2=2010×3=3010×4=4010×5=50
Tables 6–10
×6×7×8×9×10
1×6=61×7=71×8=81×9=91×10=10
2×6=122×7=142×8=162×9=182×10=20
3×6=183×7=213×8=243×9=273×10=30
4×6=244×7=284×8=324×9=364×10=40
5×6=305×7=355×8=405×9=455×10=50
6×6=366×7=426×8=486×9=546×10=60
7×6=427×7=497×8=567×9=637×10=70
8×6=488×7=568×8=648×9=728×10=80
9×6=549×7=639×8=729×9=819×10=90
10×6=6010×7=7010×8=8010×9=9010×10=100

Solved Questions (12)

1. 7 × 5 = ?
Skip-count by 5s: 5,10,15,20,25,30,35 → 35.
2. 6 × 4 = ?
Double then double: 6×2=12; 12×2=24 → 24.
3. 9 × 3 = ?
3 more than 8×3 (24) is 27 → 27.
4. 8 × 2 = ?
Double 8 → 16.
5. 10 × 7 = ?
Add a zero: 70.
6. 4 × 9 = ?
(4×10)−4 = 40−4 = 36.
7. 3 × 7 = ?
7+7+7 = 21.
8. 5 × 6 = ?
Count 5s six times: 5,10,15,20,25,30 → 30.
9. 2 × 9 = ?
Double 9 → 18.
10. 8 × 8 = ?
64 (remember “double-double-double” → 8×4=32; 32×2=64).
11. 7 × 6 = ?
Think 5×7=35 and add one more 7 → 42 → 42.
12. 9 × 5 = ?
Ends with 5 or 0; 5×9=45 → 45.

Practice Exercise (12)

  1. 3 × 6 = ?
  2. 4 × 7 = ?
  3. 9 × 2 = ?
  4. 5 × 9 = ?
  5. 8 × 3 = ?
  6. 6 × 6 = ?
  7. 7 × 4 = ?
  8. 10 × 8 = ?
  9. 2 × 2 = ?
  10. 3 × 9 = ?
  11. 4 × 5 = ?
  12. 8 × 7 = ?
Show Practice Answers (Topic B)
  1. 18
  2. 28
  3. 18
  4. 45
  5. 24
  6. 36
  7. 28
  8. 80
  9. 4
  10. 27
  11. 20
  12. 56

Simple Word Problems (Pictures + Solutions)

Use groups, skip counting, or tables.

1. A teacher has 3 trays. Each tray has 4 cupcakes. How many cupcakes?
3 × 4 = 12 cupcakes.
2. There are 5 weeks. Each week has 7 days. How many days?
5 × 7 = 35 days.
3. A toy box has 2 layers of 6 cars each. How many cars in total?
2 × 6 = 12 cars.
4. 4 children collect 3 shells each. How many shells?
4 × 3 = 12 shells.

Helpful Patterns

  • ×0 = 0 (zero groups → nothing)
  • ×1 = same number
  • ×2 = double
  • ×5 ends with 5 or 0
  • ×10 add a zero
  • Order doesn’t change total: 3×4 = 4×3

© Udgam Welfare Foundation — Free study content for hearing-impaired students. Pictures are lightweight inline SVG for fast loading.

Multiplication (Introduction) & Simple Word Problems – Ages 7–8

Free material by Udgam Welfare Foundation • Visual & simple language for hearing-impaired learners • Works offline • Light & fast.

Goal: Understand × as repeated addition
Age Suitability: 7–8 (also friendly for 4–6 with help)
Skills: arrays • equal groups • number line • 0 & 1 facts

Topic A: Multiplication (Introduction)

Read this first (very simple)

  • Multiplication means equal groups of the same size.
  • Example: 3 × 4 means 3 groups of 4 (4 + 4 + 4) = 12.
  • We can see multiplication using:
    • Arrays (rows & columns of dots)
    • Equal groups (same items in each circle)
    • Number line (equal jumps)
  • Rules: 0 × anything = 0; 1 × anything = the same number.

12 Solved Examples

A1. Use equal groups to find 2 × 3.
Solution

There are 2 equal groups. Each group has 3. So 3 + 3 = 6. Therefore 2 × 3 = 6.

A2. Use an array to find 3 × 4.
Solution

3 rows × 4 columns = 12 dots. So 3 × 4 = 12.

A3. Show 4 × 2 on a number line.
0 2 4 6 8
Solution

Four jumps of 2: 0 → 2 → 4 → 6 → 8. Therefore 4 × 2 = 8.

A4. Use equal groups to find 5 × 2.
Solution

There are 5 groups of 2. Add: 2+2+2+2+2 = 10. So 5 × 2 = 10.

A5. Find 2 × 0.
Solution

Zero groups means nothing to add. Answer is 0. So 2 × 0 = 0.

A6. Find 1 × 7.
Solution

One group keeps the same number. 1 × 7 = 7.

A7. Use an array to find 2 × 5.
Solution

2 rows of 5 = 10 dots. So 2 × 5 = 10.

A8. Skip-count to find 3 × 2.
Solution

Count by 2s three times: 2, 4, 6 → 3 × 2 = 6.

A9. Use equal groups to find 4 × 3.
Solution

4 groups of 3 → 3+3+3+3 = 12. So 4 × 3 = 12.

A10. Use an array to find 5 × 3.
Solution

5 rows × 3 columns = 15 dots. So 5 × 3 = 15.

A11. What is 3 × 1?
Solution

Anything times 1 stays the same: 3 × 1 = 3.

A12. Show 2 × 4 on a number line.
048
Solution

Two jumps of 4: 0 → 4 → 8. So 2 × 4 = 8.

Practice – 12 Questions (write answers; check the key at the end)

  1. 2 × 2 = ?
  2. 3 × 2 = ?
  3. 4 × 1 = ?
  4. 5 × 2 = ?
  5. 0 × 4 = ?
  6. 2 × 5 = ?
  7. 3 × 3 = ?
  8. 4 × 2 = ?
  9. 2 × 6 = ?
  10. 1 × 9 = ?
  11. 3 × 4 = ?
  12. 2 × 7 = ?
Answer Key (Topic A):
  1. 4
  2. 6
  3. 4
  4. 10
  5. 0
  6. 10
  7. 9
  8. 8
  9. 12
  10. 9
  11. 12
  12. 14

Topic B: Simple Word Problems (Equal Groups)

How to solve: (1) Read the story. (2) Find number of groups and how many in each group. (3) Multiply (or add repeatedly). (4) Write the answer with units.

B1. Riya has 3 plates. Each plate has 2 cookies. How many cookies in all?
Solution

Groups = 3 plates. Each group = 2 cookies. 3 × 2 = 6 cookies.

B2. There are 4 bags. Each bag has 3 apples. How many apples?
Solution

4 × 3 = 12 apples.

B3. A teacher makes 2 rows of chairs. Each row has 5 chairs. How many chairs?
Solution

2 × 5 = 10 chairs.

B4. There are 5 kids. Each kid gets 2 balloons. Total balloons?
Solution

5 × 2 = 10 balloons.

B5. A box has 1 row of 6 crayons. How many crayons?
Solution

1 × 6 = 6 crayons.

B6. There are 3 plates. Each plate has 4 momos. How many momos?
Solution

3 × 4 = 12 momos.

B7. A shelf has 2 levels. Each level holds 3 books. Total books?
Solution

2 × 3 = 6 books.

B8. 4 boxes with 2 pencils each. Total pencils?
Solution

4 × 2 = 8 pencils.

B9. 2 trays with 4 cups each. Total cups?
Solution

2 × 4 = 8 cups.

B10. 3 teams with 3 players each. Total players?
Solution

3 × 3 = 9 players.

B11. 5 boxes with 1 toy each. Total toys?
Solution

5 × 1 = 5 toys.

B12. 0 plates of laddus. Each plate holds 4. Total laddus?
Solution

0 × 4 = 0 laddus.

Practice – 12 Word Problems (write answers; check the key at the end)

  1. There are 3 bowls with 2 oranges in each. How many oranges?
  2. 4 buses with 2 students each board first. How many students?
  3. 2 gift packs with 6 candies each. Total candies?
  4. 5 houses with 2 plants each. Total plants?
  5. 1 basket with 7 mangoes. Total mangoes?
  6. 3 pages with 4 stickers each. Total stickers?
  7. 2 boxes with 5 chalks each. Total chalks?
  8. 4 plates with 3 idlis each. Total idlis?
  9. 2 shelves with 2 toys each. Total toys?
  10. 1 row with 9 chairs. Total chairs?
  11. 3 teams with 2 players each. Total players?
  12. 0 trays with 6 cups each. Total cups?
Answer Key (Topic B):
  1. 6
  2. 8
  3. 12
  4. 10
  5. 7
  6. 12
  7. 10
  8. 12
  9. 4
  10. 9
  11. 6
  12. 0

Parent/Teacher Tips

  • Use real objects (spoons, pencils) to make equal groups before solving.
  • Encourage pointing to each group while counting (visual cue helps hearing-impaired learners).
  • Practice skip-counting by 2s, 3s, 4s, and 5s using finger taps or taps on the table.

Free Educational Resources for Students

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